Heart attack or anxiety: main differences (and what to do)

The symptoms of anxiety and heart attack can be very similar, especially when anxiety evolves into a panic attack, which presents more intense symptoms.

However, there are some differences that can help. For example, anxiety is usually caused by stressful situations or excessive worry, while a heart attack may have no apparent cause or begin after intense physical exertion.

In any case, whenever there is doubt between anxiety and a heart attack, it is very important to go to the hospital, as the best way to rule out a heart attack is through cardiac tests, such as an electrocardiogram.

Differences between heart attack and anxiety

The main differences between anxiety and a heart attack are:

What causes anxiety

The exact causes of anxiety are not yet fully known. However, it is likely a combination of genetic factors, such as a family history of anxiety, environmental factors, such as difficulties at work, relationship or family problems, and chemicals in the brain, which affect areas of the brain responsible for controlling fear. . Understand better what anxiety is and why it happens.

What causes a heart attack

A heart attack occurs when there is a lack of blood in the heart due to a blockage in the coronary arteries due to the accumulation of fat in the arteries.

Some factors can contribute to the development of a heart attack, such as smoking, high blood pressure, high LDL or low HDL cholesterol, diabetes, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle, as well as a family history of heart attack or heart disease. Learn about other causes of heart attack.

Check with cardiologist Dr. João Petriz about other factors that can cause a heart attack:

Can anxiety cause a heart attack?

Anxiety does not usually cause a heart attack, however, it can increase the risk of heart disease. Furthermore, when symptoms are intense or cause a panic attack, the risk of a heart attack is also greater. Learn how to identify a panic attack.

What to do if in doubt?

It is important to seek medical help, the nearest emergency room or call SAMU immediately if the person presents symptoms of a heart attack, as it can put life at risk and treatment must be immediate.

Furthermore, if you are unsure whether it is a heart attack or anxiety, you should always seek medical help immediately.

How to confirm the diagnosis

If a heart attack is suspected, the diagnosis is made in the hospital through evaluation of symptoms, blood pressure, pulse and temperature, as well as tests such as an electrocardiogram and a blood test to measure the amount of cardiac enzymes and proteins.

The diagnosis of anxiety is made by a psychologist or psychiatrist based on symptoms, family history of anxiety or other psychiatric problems, in addition to laboratory tests to rule out other health problems.

How the treatment is carried out

Heart attack treatment may involve the use of medications, such as antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants and antihypertensives, which work by trying to regulate the flow of blood to the heart. In some cases, it may be necessary to perform an emergency catheterization, or angioplasty. Understand better how heart attack is treated.

The treatment of anxiety is generally guided by a psychiatrist, and may involve psychotherapy and the use of medications such as antidepressants or anxiolytics. Psychotherapy is generally indicated to help identify the reason for anxiety and develop tools and/or skills to deal with excessive stress.

Additionally, there are home remedy options for anxiety, such as chamomile tea or lemon balm tea that can help complement medical or psychological treatment. See all home remedy options for anxiety.