Fetal biophysical profile: what it is, what it is for and how it is done

The fetal biophysical profile (PBF) is an exam that assesses the well-being of the fetus, through parameters such as body movements and breathing, adequate growth, volume of amniotic fluid and heartbeat.

These evaluated parameters are important, as they reflect the functioning of the baby’s nervous system and its oxygenation status, so that, if a problem is identified, it is possible to carry out treatment as quickly as possible, with the baby still inside the uterus.

The fetal biophysical profile is a dynamic examination associated with ultrasound, and is indicated from 28 or 32 weeks of pregnancy, in the third trimester, and the results are indicated as scores that must be interpreted by the obstetrician.

What is it for

The fetal biophysical profile exam serves to evaluate fetal parameters, such as:

• Fetal tonesuch as the position of the head and trunk, adequate flexion, opening and closing of the hands, sucking movements, closing and opening of the eyelids, for example;
• Body movementssuch as rotation, stretching, chest movements;
• Breathing movementswhich demonstrate whether respiratory development is adequate, which is related to the baby’s vitality;
• Amniotic fluid volumewhich may be reduced (oligohydramnios) or increased (polyhydramnios);
• Baby’s heartbeatwhen performed in conjunction with fetal cardiotocography examination.

This fetal biophysical profile exam allows you to assess the baby’s general health and check whether the baby’s development is adequate for the gestational age.

Each parameter is assigned a value, which is ultimately added together with the aim of evaluating fetal distress, which is a situation characterized by a decrease in oxygen supply to the baby, which can directly interfere with its development. Learn more about fetal distress.

Schedule the fetal biophysical profile exam in the nearest region:

When is indicated

The fetal biophysical profile exam is indicated in cases of high-risk pregnancies, in the following situations:

• Baby with lower growth than expected for the age of gestation;
• Decreased fetal movements;
• Restriction of fetal movements;
• Presence of little amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios);
• Gestational diabetes;
• High blood pressure or pre-eclampsia;
• Pregnant woman with heart, lung, kidney or hematological diseases.

Furthermore, PBF may be indicated in cases of post-term pregnancy, previous fetal death or monochorionic twin pregnancy with significant differences in the babies’ growth.

The fetal biophysical profile can also be requested when the woman is much older or much younger than what is considered safe, as there is a greater risk of complications during pregnancy.

When to do

The fetal biophysical profile examination can be carried out in the second trimester of pregnancy, from weeks 28 or 32, according to medical indications.

Although this test is normally indicated for high-risk pregnancies, the PBF can be done by any pregnant woman, in order to guarantee a safe and healthy pregnancy for the woman and the baby.

How is done

The fetal biophysical profile examination is carried out in obstetric clinics, generally by performing an ultrasound to observe the baby, and using sensors placed on the belly that detect the heartbeat and blood flow.

To carry out the exam, it is recommended that the pregnant woman wear light, comfortable clothing and remain sitting or lying down in a comfortable position.

Furthermore, it is recommended that the woman eats 30 to 60 minutes before the exam, as this favors the fetus’ reaction and, thus, it is possible to better assess the baby’s health.

How to understand the result

Each evaluated parameter receives a score from 0 to 2, and the total result of all parameters is given with the following scores:

By interpreting these results, the doctor will be able to identify changes early that could put the baby’s life at risk, allowing treatment to be carried out more quickly, which may include the need for premature birth.