The assisted reproductive technology is a set of techniques that are used by the doctors who specialize in fertility, which has as its main goal is to help, pregnancy in women with difficulties conceiving. Of these techniques, such as artificial insemination, the fertilization of in vitro – or in the ovarian stimulation, for example, involve the handling of eggs, sperm, or both, in or out of the body, allowing for a pregnancy, and without that, the couple will have sex with you.
The assisted reproduction or in assisted reproduction is permitted in Brazil by the brazilian Federal Council of Medicine, to assist with the issues of pregnancy and reproduction, making it easier for the pregnancy, and the age of the pregnancy is up to 50 years old for women.
The main technical
The main use of assisted reproduction techniques include the following:
1. Fertilization in vitro
The cross-fertilization of in vitro consists of the joining of the egg and the espermatozoide, in the laboratory, in order to form an embryo, and then transferring the embryo into the uterus of the wife, for it to be implemented and will result in a pregnancy.
To do this, the cross-fertilization of in vitro , some of the steps to be followed as to stimulate ovulation in women with an injection of the drug for 8 to 14 days. The eggs are then collected, as well as the sperm of the man, that they are placed in contact, the same as the glass in the laboratory, in order to allow the sperm fecundem of the egg and the formation of the embryo.
In the event that this does not happen, we can deliver the espermatozoide the inside of the egg with a needle, that is, a procedure called intracytoplasmic injection of sperm.
After graduation, the number of embryos to be placed in the uterus varies according to the age of the woman, which, according to the resolution of the Federal Council of Medicine, the limit of the embryos, and includes the following:
- The women up to 35 years of age: up to 2 embryos;
- Women between 36 and 39 years of age: up to 3 embryos;
- Women aged 40 years and older: up to 4 embryos.
The number of embryos that will never be higher than 4, in order to avoid pregnancy, the risk for both the woman and the embryo.
When it is indicated to: fertilization in vitro, it is recommended for couples who are not able to conceive spontaneously within 6 to 12 months of trying without the use of birth control methods. This is one of the most widely used in assisted reproductive technology, and it can be carried out in private clinics and hospitals, and even in the unified health system-SUS.
It is possible to choose the sex of your baby?
In accordance with the laws of the Federal Council of Medicine (1) it is prohibited to carry out any technique of assisted reproductive technology, with the aim of choosing the sex of your baby, or any other biological trait, and it is considered unethical.
However, there is an absolute prohibition, but, when there is a risk of health problems or genetic diseases that are related to the sex of the baby, such as fragile X syndrome in girls and hemophilia in children, for example, the sex is permitted, provided that it has been a history of genetic disorders in the family.
To assess the risk of development of diseases related to sex, before you can deploy the chicken, which is made by a physician for a pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, that looks at the genes of the baby.
2. Intracytoplasmic injection of sperm
The intracytoplasmic injection of sperm to it in a kind of cross-fertilization , in vitro, laboratory, in which a espermatozoide is injected into each egg using a needle, so that the occurrence of the birth and formation of the embryo.
When it is indicated: in general, this technique is used when there is a serious problem in the espermatozoide, such as insufficient amount of sperm in the semen, or sperm are of poor quality, or when the technique of cross-fertilization , in vitro, in which both eggs and sperm are left in contact with in the laboratory, it does not result in cross-fertilization or cross-fertilization has been insufficient.
3. Artificial insemination, intrauterine
Intrauterine insemination is a type of artificial insemination, in which sperm are placed directly into the uterus in the female, increasing the chance of fertilization of the ovum.
To make this type of technique, the sperm of the man is caught, and the procedures to be more active is selected by the means of washing in the one sample of semen. The insemination, the sperm is made up on the day scheduled for the female to ovulate, and, generally, they are used hormones to stimulate ovulation. To learn more about how it is made, artificial insemination, intrauterine.
Intrauterine insemination is called artificial insemination, year-on-year as it is used in the semen of the partner, and the artificial insemination heteróloga when you use it, the semen of a donor’s anonymity.
When it is indicated to: artificial insemination, intrauterine is given by the doctor, she has to irregularities in ovulation, or that has scars on the neck of the uterus, making it more difficult for the mobilization of the sperm to reach the egg, or if the man has a low count of sperm, or sperm with reduced mobility, for example.
4. Artificial insemination, intracervical
Insemination, intracervical is another type of artificial insemination, in which sperm are placed directly into the neck of the womb, from being a technique of assisted reproductive technology that is more in line with the sexual relationship to be normal.
In the same way as intrauterine insemination, the sperm is collected and treated before it is deposited in the cervix of the uterus during ovulation in the female.
When it is indicated to: artificial insemination, intracervical, is used when there is a possibility of penetration of the vagina by the third party, so long a problem in the anatomy of the vagina, preventing you from having sex.
5. Ovarian stimulation
Ovarian stimulation is the induction of ovulation by injection or by use of the pills with hormones that stimulate the production of eggs in the female, increasing the chance of getting pregnant.
When it is given: this technique is used mainly for the women with the hormonal changes, and irregular menstrual cycles, such as in the case of polycystic ovaries. Here’s how it works inducing ovulation.
6. Download intratubária of gametes
To download intratubária of a change to the environment, is a technique of assisted reproductive technology, which consists in depositing their eggs and sperm into the fallopian tube of the woman, which is also called the tube in the uterus.
This is a technique that is similar to the cross-fertilization of in vitro , in which they are collected, the eggs and sperm are handled in the laboratory, but the difference is that there is no fertilization and the formation of an embryo to be implanted.
The egg and the sperm treated are placed directly on the tube in the uterus by laparoscopy, a small cut made in the abdomen, or it may be inserted through the vagina, using an ultrasound to guide you to the correct location on the tube in the uterus. In this way, it will increase the chances of the pregnancy in the fallopian tube.
When it is indicated: in the download intratubária of a change to the environment that is shown in the cases in which the woman is the function of the fallopian tube, but has unexplained infertility.
7. The cryopreservation of gametes and embryos
The cryopreservation of gametes and embryos is the freezing of eggs or sperm, or embryo, at low temperatures, and stored in liquid nitrogen for future pregnancies.
When it is stated: cryopreservation is recommended to keep the sperm or the egg, the age of the person at the time of the gathering, in the case of the impossibility of being pregnant due to cancer treatment or other conditions that do not allow for the development of right away. In addition, the cryopreservation of embryos, and is used to store the embryos are not used for fertilization in vitro , can be frozen for a minimum period of 3 years and may be disposed of, in accordance to the will of the person, the couple, and after that amount of time.
8. Sexual relationship between scheduled
Sex, programmed, also referred to as sexual intercourse is programmed, it is a less-complex assisted reproductive technology, which is in the plan the sexual intercourse to the day that a woman will ovulate.
In this technique, the doctor is a follow-up with ultrasound of the ovaries in the course of a month, to check on the exact day of ovulation, allowing you to identify the ideal day for trying to get pregnant, and recommended that a sexual relationship happen in a day, thus increasing the chances of a pregnancy.
When it is indicated for: the sexual relationship between the programmed is indicated in mild cases of infertility and for women who have ovulatory disorders, irregular menstrual cycles, and a very long, with a diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome, for example.
9. Egg donation
In this technique, the clinic of reproduction, produces an embryo from the egg cell from a donor known to the espermatozoide the partner of a woman who wants to become pregnant.
This embryo is then placed into the uterus of the wife, that you will need to take hormones to prepare the body for pregnancy. It should also be noted that it is possible to know the physical features and the personality of the woman is the donor of the egg, like the color of the skin, eyes, height, and occupation.
When it is given: the gift of the egg can be used if the woman is not able to produce eggs, it is usually the case due to early menopause.
10. Donate sperm
A technique in assisted reproduction, by a donation to the sperm, and the embryo is formed on the basis of the espermatozoide of the donor is unknown, and the egg of the woman, who wants to become pregnant. It is important to note that it is possible to choose, the characteristics of the man, the giver of the espermatozoide, such as height, skin color, and a job, but it is not possible to identify the one who is the giver.
When it is given: the gift of sperm when a man is unable to produce sperm, a problem usually caused by genetic alterations.
11. The evolution of a replacement
The development of a replacement, also referred to as a “surrogate motherhood”, is where all the development is done on the stomach of a woman.
In Brazil, the term ‘surrogacy’ is not used because it is not possible for the law to “rent out” of the womb of a woman. The rules for this type of assisted reproductive technology, require that there must be a payment for the procedure, and that it is a woman, is on a voluntary basis, can you lend it to a uterus for the pregnancy and of the child of the other person.
The woman who borrowed the uterus and voluntarily, shall be related on to the 4th level of the father or of the mother of the child, which can be:
- First grade: parent or child;
- Second grade: grandma, or sister
- Third grade: aunt, niece or nephew;
- Fourth grade: raw.
In the case of a person, you want to look for another woman who is not a close relative to the creation of a replacement, you must request the Regional Council of Medicine, you will need to analyze the situation.
When it is given: usually, the development of a replacement, this is used when a woman has a disease in high-risk, such as the kidney or the heart, when you don’t have a uterus, when I went through a lot of failures in the other techniques for the pregnant or has abnormalities in the uterus (womb).
Assisted same-sex
Assisted reproduction is permitted by the brazilian Federal Council of Medicine, relationships, homoafetivos, and single people since it is to be respected, the right to conscientious objection on the part of the physician or the physician is not required to perform assisted reproductive technology, but it can be done, if you want to, and agrees with this procedure.
In the case of same-sex couples and women, assisted reproduction, is called the gestation is shared, and it can be done when there is an infertility and egg and used it for one of the women in the family. In addition to this, the embryo is achieved by assisted reproductive technology should be deployed at one of the best in the family.
Situations which may make it more difficult for the pregnancy
The general rule of thumb is to look for the help to get pregnant after 6 and 12 months of trying with no success, as this is the period in which most of the couples to bring in to be able to get pregnant. However, it is important to be aware of some of the situations which may make it more difficult to pregnancy, such as:
1. The age of the woman
After the woman, to complete a 35 years old, it is common to find that the quality of the egg decreases, making the bed might be more difficult to get pregnant. So, it’s recommended that you try the natural pregnancy over the course of 6 months and after this time, it is advisable to seek medical advice.
2. The problems in the reproductive system
Women’s problems with the reproductive system, such as the uterus, septate, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian feeding tube should see a doctor as soon as you decide to get pregnant, because in these diseases, to increase the difficulty and the number of children, and should be treated and monitored by a doctor.
The same rule applies to men) with a diagnosis of a varicocele, which is the enlargement of veins in the testicles, it is the main cause of male infertility.
3. Irregular menstrual cycle
Irregular menstrual cycle is a sign of ovulation, it may not be happening on a monthly basis. This means that it is more difficult to predict the fertile period to plan the sexual relations and the chances of getting pregnant.
Thus, in the presence of the irregular menstrual cycle, you should see a doctor so that he can evaluate the cause of the problem, and then start appropriate treatment.
4. A history of 3 or more miscarriages
You have a history of 3 or more miscarriages, it’s a reason to see a doctor when you decide to get pregnant, it is necessary to evaluate the causes of abortion, and to plan carefully for the next pregnancy.
In addition to the care of prior to getting pregnant, pregnancy should be monitored closely by a physician to prevent complications both for the mother and for the baby to be.
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