Oral candidiasis, also known as candidiasis in the mouth, is an infection caused by an excess of fungus. Candida albicans in the mouth, which causes infection, generally in babies, due to their still poorly developed immunity, or in adults with a weakened immune system due to flu, chronic diseases or HIV, for example.
Despite living on the skin, it is possible for this fungus to proliferate and lead to the appearance of signs and symptoms of infection, such as white plaques in the mouth and pain and burning in the region.
Treatment for oral candidiasis must be carried out with mouthwashes, antifungals and correct oral hygiene, and must be guided by a general practitioner, dentist or pediatrician, in the case of children.
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Main symptoms
The main symptoms of oral candidiasis are:
- Whitish layer in the mouth;
- Plaques of a creamy substance in the mouth;
- Appearance of canker sores on the tongue or cheek;
- Feeling of cotton inside the mouth;
- Pain or burning in the affected regions;
In more serious cases, there may also be signs of inflammation in the esophagus, which can cause pain and difficulty swallowing.
This type of candidiasis is more common in babies and is called thrush, because as the fungus can be passed through kissing and the baby’s immune system is still developing, it is possible for the baby to present the signs and symptoms of candidiasis. . Find out how to identify and treat thrush in babies.
How the diagnosis is made
The diagnosis of oral candidiasis is made by the doctor through evaluation of the mouth and throat. In some cases, it may be necessary to collect a sample from the inside of the mouth and send it to the laboratory for analysis to identify the microorganism responsible for the symptoms.
Make an appointment with your nearest doctor to investigate the possibility of oral thrush:
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Possible causes
The genus fungus Candida It is found naturally in the skin and mucous membranes, without causing any type of problem. However, when there are changes in immunity or the presence of factors that favor its growth, it is possible for the fungus to develop more than normal, leading to the appearance of candidiasis.
Some factors that increase the risk of developing oral candidiasis are:
- Endocrine diseases, such as diabetes or hypothyroidism;
- Nutritional deficiencies, such as lack of iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid;
- Immune system diseases, such as AIDS;
- Blood diseases such as leukemia or agranulocytosis.
- Dry mouth (xerostomia), which can be caused by Sjögren’s syndrome or the use of certain medications;
- Diet rich in carbohydrates;
- Use of some types of medication, especially antibiotics or corticosteroids;
- Wearing dentures at night, trauma or poor oral hygiene;
- Smoking or drug use.
Furthermore, children, the elderly and pregnant women are also more likely to have oral candidiasis, as the immune system is slightly weaker.
How the treatment is carried out
Treatment for candidiasis in the mouth must be indicated by a general practitioner, dentist or pediatrician, in the case of babies and children, and can be done at home through the application of antifungals in the form of gel, liquid or mouthwash, such as Nystatin. , for 5 to 7 days.
Furthermore, during treatment it is important to take some precautions, such as brushing your teeth at least 3 times a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and avoiding eating fatty or sugary foods, such as cakes, sweets, cookies or candies, as they promote the development and proliferation of fungi.
In more serious cases, in which the use of mouthwash does not have the desired effect, the doctor may recommend the use of oral antifungal medicines, such as Fluconazole, which must be taken according to the doctor’s instructions even if the symptoms have disappeared.
A great home treatment for candidiasis is pennyroyal tea, because it has properties that reduce the proliferation of fungi and help speed up the fight against infection. Discover other home remedy options for candidiasis.
Bibliography
- CDC. Candida infections of the mouth, throat, and esophagus. Disponível em: <https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/thrush/index.html#:~:text=Treatment-,Candidiasis%20in%20the%20mouth%2C%20throat%2C%20or%20esophagus%20is,usually%20treated%20with%20antifungal%20medicine.&text=The%20treatment%20for%20mild%20to,clotrimazole%2C%20miconazole%2C%20or%20nystatin.>. Acesso em 21 jul 2023
- RODRÍGUEZ ORTEGA, Judy et al. Candidiasis of the oral mucosa. Bibliographic review. Cuban Journal of Stomatology. Vol.39. 2.ed; 2002
- GÜMRU, Birsay. Oral Candidosis: Aetiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Management. Journal of Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences. Vol.1. 2.ed; 140-148, 2011
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