Hysteroscopy: what it is, when to do it, types and how it is done

Hysteroscopy is a gynecological examination that allows you to observe the inside of the uterus, helping to identify and treat possible changes, such as polyps, fibroids, uterine bleeding and anatomical changes.

Hysteroscopy is performed using equipment called a hysteroscope, which is approximately 10 millimeters in diameter, and which contains a microcamera at its end.

The exam must be carried out by the gynecologist in the first fortnight of menstruation, when the woman is no longer menstruating and cannot be done during pregnancy or when there is a vaginal infection.

How it is made

Hysteroscopy is performed using equipment called a hysteroscope, which contains a microcamera at its end to allow visualization of the uterus. To facilitate the visualization of the uterine structures, carbon dioxide is applied in the form of a gas or fluid, which allows the uterus to dilate.

After adequate dilation of the uterus, the procedure begins according to its objective. In the case of diagnostic hysteroscopy, the uterus is observed and if any changes are identified, a small portion of the region is removed and sent to the laboratory for analysis.

In the case of surgical hysteroscopy, in addition to the hysteroscope, surgical equipment is also introduced into the vaginal canal so that the procedure can be carried out, lasting an average of 1 hour.

Hysteroscopy may be indicated for:

• Identify and remove endometrial uterine polyps;
• Identify and remove submucosal uterine fibroids;
• Endometrial thickening;
• Assessment of uterine bleeding;
• Assessment of causes of infertility;
• Investigate defects in the anatomy of the uterus;
• Performing tubal ligation surgery;
• Investigate the existence of cancer in the uterus.

In addition, hysteroscopy may also be indicated to understand the need for uterine surgery.

Types of hysteroscopy

According to the objective of the examination, hysteroscopy can be of two types:

Diagnostic hysteroscopy

It aims to internally visualize the uterus to diagnose possible changes or diseases. Learn more about diagnostic hysteroscopy.

Diagnostic hysteroscopy is performed in the gynecologist’s office and does not hurt, however some women may feel slight discomfort during the exam.

Surgical hysteroscopy

Helps treat existing changes within the uterus. It is indicated for the treatment of polyps, fibroids, thickening of the endometrium, malformations of the uterine cavity, among other problems. Understand how surgical hysteroscopy is performed.

As it is a more delicate procedure, surgical hysteroscopy must be performed under general or spinal anesthesia.