Os first aid for fire victims they are:
- Stay calm and call the fire department and an ambulance by calling 192 or 193;
- Wet a clean cloth and tie it to your face, as if it were a mask, to prevent you from breathing in smoke;
- If there is a lot of smoke, stay crouched close to the ground where the heat is lower and there is more oxygen, as shown in image 1;
- Remove the victim safely from the fire scene and lay him on the floor, as shown in figure 2;
- If the victim’s body is on fire, roll them on the ground until they go out;
- Check if the victim is breathing and if the heart is beating;
- Give the victim space to breathe;
- Do not offer liquids.
It is essential to offer a 100% oxygen mask to all victims who have inhaled smoke during a fire to reduce the chances of oxygen monoxide poisoning, fainting and subsequent death. See what to do when someone inhales a lot of smoke.
Mouth to mouth ressuscitation
If the victim is unable to breathe independently, give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation:
- Lay the individual on their back
- Loosen the individual’s clothing
- Stretch his neck backwards, keeping his chin up
- Open the person’s mouth and try to see if there is any object or liquid in their throat and remove it with your fingers or tweezers.
- Cover the person’s nose with your fingers
- Place your mouth against his mouth and blow the air that comes out of your mouth into his mouth.
- Repeat this for 20 times per minute
- Always pay attention to the person’s chest to see if there is any movement
When the individual starts breathing on their own again, remove your mouth from their mouth and let them breathe freely, but pay attention to their breathing, as they may stop breathing again, so you will need to start over from the beginning.
Cardiac massage in adults
If the victim’s heart is not beating, perform cardiac massage:
- Lay the victim on the floor face up;
- Position the victim’s head a little back, leaving the chin higher;
- Place your open hands on top of each other, with your fingers up, you will only use the palm of your hand;
- Place your hands on the left side of the victim’s chest (over the heart) and leave your own arms straight;
- Push your hands hard and quickly over your heart counting 2 pushes per second (cardiac compression);
- Perform cardiac compression 30 times in a row and then blow the air from your mouth into the victim’s mouth;
- Repeat this procedure without interruption, checking if the victim is breathing again.
It is very important not to interrupt the compressions, so if the first person who attended to the victim gets tired of doing the cardiac massage, it is important that someone else continues doing the compressions in turn, always respecting the same rhythm.
Cardiac massage in babies and children
In the case of cardiac massage in children, follow the same procedure, but do not use your hands, but your fingers.
